
将谓语动词完全移至主语之前,其他语序保持不变的语态称为完全倒装结构。
英语句子的语序通常是主语在前,谓语在后,这种语序称作正常语序或自然语序。
但有时出于语法或达到某种修辞目的,比如强调、承上启下、平衡等的需要,要把谓语动词放在主语前面,这种语序称作倒装语序。
将谓语动词完全移至主语之前,称完全倒装。
如果只是把助动词或情态动词放在主语之前,称为部分倒装。
倒装句分为完全倒装和部分倒装。
一、完全倒装,是指将句子中的谓语全部置于主语之前,此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。
1. 将表语和地点状语(多为介词短语)置于句首加以强调时,其后通常用倒装语序。
Around the lake are some apple trees.
2. 以 here, there, now, then, out, in, up, down, off, away 等方向性副词开头的句子,且句子主语是名词时,句子用完全倒装,当主语为代词,则不用倒装。
Here comes the postman.
3. There be +主语 + 地点或时间状语
There are some birds singing in the tree.
There was a girl stood on the table.
二、部分倒装
1.否定词提前
常见的否定词有Not only…but also,Hardly/Scarcely…when,No sooner… than...
Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.
No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.
Not only you but also I am fond of music.
2.so,neither,nor作部分倒装
Tom can speak French. So can Jack.
She won't go to that university, neither will I.
3.only在句首
Only in this way can you answer the question.
4.由as, though 引导
Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.
5.here, there引导的部分倒装句中,当主语是代词时,就要用部分倒装句。
Here we are.
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