主从搭建步骤

1. 新建主服务器容器实例3307

[root@k8snode2 ~]# docker run -p 3307:3306 --name mysql-master \
> -v /mydata/mysql-master/log:/var/log/mysql \
> -v /mydata/mysql-master/data:/var/lib/mysql \
> -v /mydata/mysql-master/conf:/etc/mysql \
> -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=root  \
> -d mysql:5.7

2.进入/mydata/mysql-master/conf目录下新建my.cnf

[root@k8snode2 ~]# cd /mydata/mysql-master/conf
[root@k8snode2 conf]# vim my.conf

[mysqld]
## 设置server_id，同一局域网中需要唯一
server_id=101 
## 指定不需要同步的数据库名称
binlog-ignore-db=mysql  
## 开启二进制日志功能
log-bin=mall-mysql-bin  
## 设置二进制日志使用内存大小（事务）
binlog_cache_size=1M  
## 设置使用的二进制日志格式（mixed,statement,row）
binlog_format=mixed  
## 二进制日志过期清理时间。默认值为0，表示不自动清理。
expire_logs_days=7  
## 跳过主从复制中遇到的所有错误或指定类型的错误，避免slave端复制中断。
## 如：1062错误是指一些主键重复，1032错误是因为主从数据库数据不一致
slave_skip_errors=1062

3.修改完配置后重启master实例

[root@k8snode2 conf]# docker restart mysql-master

4.进入主数据库

[root@k8snode2 conf]# docker exec -it mysql-master /bin/bash
root@079c84d293f0:/# mysql -uroot -proot
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 5
Server version: 5.7.36-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.mysql> show master status;
+-----------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File                  | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+-----------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mall-mysql-bin.000003 |      371 |              | mysql            |                   |
+-----------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

配置从服务器相关

1.安装

[root@k8snode2 ~]# docker run -p 3308:3306 --name mysql-slave \
> -v /mydata/mysql-slave/log:/var/log/mysql \
>  -v /mydata/mysql-slave/data:/var/lib/mysql \
> -v /mydata/mysql-slave/conf:/etc/mysql \
>  -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=root  \
> -d mysql:5.7
b4fc23c7d9b4f8dfc820f3ebacdbe244f2c0824bdde31778f2797838ed591431

2.进入/mydata/mysql-slave/conf目录下新建my.cnf

[root@k8snode2 ~]# cd /mydata/mysql-slave/conf
[root@k8snode2 conf]# vim my.cnf

[mysqld]
## 设置server_id，同一局域网中需要唯一
server_id=102
## 指定不需要同步的数据库名称
binlog-ignore-db=mysql  
## 开启二进制日志功能，以备Slave作为其它数据库实例的Master时使用
log-bin=mall-mysql-slave1-bin  
## 设置二进制日志使用内存大小（事务）
binlog_cache_size=1M  
## 设置使用的二进制日志格式（mixed,statement,row）
binlog_format=mixed  
## 二进制日志过期清理时间。默认值为0，表示不自动清理。
expire_logs_days=7  
## 跳过主从复制中遇到的所有错误或指定类型的错误，避免slave端复制中断。
## 如：1062错误是指一些主键重复，1032错误是因为主从数据库数据不一致
slave_skip_errors=1062  
## relay_log配置中继日志
relay_log=mall-mysql-relay-bin  
## log_slave_updates表示slave将复制事件写进自己的二进制日志
log_slave_updates=1  
## slave设置为只读（具有super权限的用户除外）
read_only=1

3.修改完配置后重启slave实例

[root@k8snode2 conf]# docker restart mysql-slave
mysql-slave

4.进入从服务器数据库

[root@k8snode2 conf]# docker exec -it mysql-slave /bin/bash
root@b4fc23c7d9b4:/# mysql -uroot -proot
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.7.36-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.248.128', master_user='root', master_password='root', -> master_port=3307, master_log_file='mall-mysql-bin.000003', master_log_pos=371, master_connect_retry=30;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.00 sec)mysql> show slave status \G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************Slave_IO_State: Master_Host: 192.168.248.128Master_User: rootMaster_Port: 3307Connect_Retry: 30Master_Log_File: mall-mysql-bin.000003Read_Master_Log_Pos: 371Relay_Log_File: mall-mysql-relay-bin.000003Relay_Log_Pos: 4Relay_Master_Log_File: mysqld-bin.000006Slave_IO_Running: NoSlave_SQL_Running: YesReplicate_Do_DB: Replicate_Ignore_DB: Replicate_Do_Table: Replicate_Ignore_Table: Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: Last_Errno: 0Last_Error: Skip_Counter: 0Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 154Relay_Log_Space: 154Until_Condition: NoneUntil_Log_File: Until_Log_Pos: 0Master_SSL_Allowed: NoMaster_SSL_CA_File: Master_SSL_CA_Path: Master_SSL_Cert: Master_SSL_Cipher: Master_SSL_Key: Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: NoLast_IO_Errno: 1236Last_IO_Error: Got fatal error 1236 from master when reading data from binary log: 'Could not find first log file name in binary log index file'Last_SQL_Errno: 0Last_SQL_Error: Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: Master_Server_Id: 101Master_UUID: 4fb96793-7113-11ec-bd17-0242ac110008Master_Info_File: /var/lib/mysql/master.infoSQL_Delay: 0SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULLSlave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updatesMaster_Retry_Count: 86400Master_Bind: Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: 221207 03:11:16Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: Master_SSL_Crl: Master_SSL_Crlpath: Retrieved_Gtid_Set: Executed_Gtid_Set: Auto_Position: 0Replicate_Rewrite_DB: Channel_Name: Master_TLS_Version: 
1 row in set (0.00 sec)ERROR: 
No query specifiedmysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)mysql> show slave status \G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send eventMaster_Host: 192.168.248.128Master_User: rootMaster_Port: 3307Connect_Retry: 30Master_Log_File: mall-mysql-bin.000003Read_Master_Log_Pos: 371Relay_Log_File: mall-mysql-relay-bin.000004Relay_Log_Pos: 325Relay_Master_Log_File: mall-mysql-bin.000003Slave_IO_Running: YesSlave_SQL_Running: YesReplicate_Do_DB: Replicate_Ignore_DB: Replicate_Do_Table: Replicate_Ignore_Table: Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: Last_Errno: 0Last_Error: Skip_Counter: 0Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 371Relay_Log_Space: 537Until_Condition: NoneUntil_Log_File: Until_Log_Pos: 0Master_SSL_Allowed: NoMaster_SSL_CA_File: Master_SSL_CA_Path: Master_SSL_Cert: Master_SSL_Cipher: Master_SSL_Key: Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: NoLast_IO_Errno: 0Last_IO_Error: Last_SQL_Errno: 0Last_SQL_Error: Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: Master_Server_Id: 101Master_UUID: 4fb96793-7113-11ec-bd17-0242ac110008Master_Info_File: /var/lib/mysql/master.infoSQL_Delay: 0SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULLSlave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updatesMaster_Retry_Count: 86400Master_Bind: Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: Master_SSL_Crl: Master_SSL_Crlpath: Retrieved_Gtid_Set: Executed_Gtid_Set: Auto_Position: 0Replicate_Rewrite_DB: Channel_Name: Master_TLS_Version: 
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

验证环节

1.主数据库新建库

mysql> ceate database t1;
ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'ceate database t1' at line 1
mysql> create database t1;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

2.从服务器查看库

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
| t1                 |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.01 sec)

主从复制命令参数说明

master_host：主数据库的IP地址；
master_port：主数据库的运行端口；
master_user：在主数据库创建的用于同步数据的用户账号；
master_password：在主数据库创建的用于同步数据的用户密码；
master_log_file：指定从数据库要复制数据的日志文件，通过查看主数据的状态，获取File参数；
master_log_pos：指定从数据库从哪个位置开始复制数据，通过查看主数据的状态，获取Position参数；
master_connect_retry：连接失败重试的时间间隔，单位为秒。