STM32G070RBT6基于Arduino串口的使用

📓STM32G070RBT6串口资源介绍

✨STM32G070RBT6总共有4个USART资源。

Serial1 for USART1
Serial2 for USART2
Serial3 for USART3
Serial4 for UART4

🔖默认情况下，只有一个Serialx实例映射到通用Serial名。对于STM32G070RBT6而言，映射的管脚为：PA1和PA0。

• 📍在C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\STMicroelectronics\hardware\stm32\2.3.0\variants\STM32G0xx\G070RBT\variant_generic.h中可以找到相关定义：

// Default pin used for generic 'Serial' instance
// Mandatory for Firmata
#ifndef PIN_SERIAL_RX#define PIN_SERIAL_RX         PA1      
#endif
#ifndef PIN_SERIAL_TX#define PIN_SERIAL_TX         PA0       
#endif

✅默认串口使用示例1

#define led1  PC2
#define led2  PC3#define button1  PC0
#define button2  PC1// the setup function runs once when you press reset or power the board
void setup() {Serial.begin(115200);//默认串口1的输出管脚：PA0 PA1。// initialize digital pin LED_BUILTIN as an output.pinMode(led1, OUTPUT);pinMode(led2, OUTPUT);digitalWrite(led1, LOW);digitalWrite(led2, HIGH);pinMode(button1, INPUT_PULLUP);pinMode(button2, INPUT_PULLUP);}// the loop function runs over and over again forever
void loop() {digitalToggleFast(PC_2);   // turn the LED on (HIGH is the voltage level)digitalToggle(led2);delay(1000);                       // wait for a secondSerial.println("Perseverance51");digitalWriteFast(PC_2, !digitalReadFast(PC_2)) ;   // turn the LED off by making the voltage LOWdigitalWrite(led2, !digitalRead(led2)) ;delay(1000);                       // wait for a secondSerial.println("Arduino STM32G070RBT6");
}

🌼串口1指定到管脚使用示例2

//                      RX    TX
HardwareSerial Serial1(PA10, PA9);//将串口1的管脚指定到PA10，PA9引脚上// the setup function runs once when you press reset or power the board
void setup() {Serial1.begin(115200);// initialize digital pin LED_BUILTIN as an output.pinMode(led1, OUTPUT);pinMode(led2, OUTPUT);digitalWrite(led1, LOW);digitalWrite(led2, HIGH);pinMode(button1, INPUT_PULLUP);pinMode(button2, INPUT_PULLUP);}// the loop function runs over and over again forever
void loop() {digitalToggleFast(PC_2);   // turn the LED on (HIGH is the voltage level)digitalToggle(led2);delay(1000);                       // wait for a secondSerial1.println("Perseverance51");digitalWriteFast(PC_2, !digitalReadFast(PC_2)) ;   // turn the LED off by making the voltage LOWdigitalWrite(led2, !digitalRead(led2)) ;delay(1000);                       // wait for a secondSerial1.println("Arduino STM32G070RBT6");
}

🌻将串口1复用到PC4和PC5引脚上

🌷示例4

#define led1  PC2
#define led2  PC3#define button1  PC0
#define button2  PC1//                     RX    TX
HardwareSerial Serial1(PC5, PC4);// the setup function runs once when you press reset or power the board
void setup() {
//  HardwareSerial(PA10, PA9);Serial1.begin(115200);// initialize digital pin LED_BUILTIN as an output.pinMode(led1, OUTPUT);pinMode(led2, OUTPUT);digitalWrite(led1, LOW);digitalWrite(led2, HIGH);pinMode(button1, INPUT_PULLUP);pinMode(button2, INPUT_PULLUP);}// the loop function runs over and over again forever
void loop() {digitalToggleFast(PC_2);   // turn the LED on (HIGH is the voltage level)digitalToggle(led2);delay(1000);                       // wait for a secondSerial1.println("Perseverance51");digitalWriteFast(PC_2, !digitalReadFast(PC_2)) ;   // turn the LED off by making the voltage LOWdigitalWrite(led2, !digitalRead(led2)) ;delay(1000);                       // wait for a secondSerial1.println("Arduino STM32G070RBT6");
}

📝将串口1复用到PB7和PB6引脚上

示例5

#define led1  PC2
#define led2  PC3#define button1  PC0
#define button2  PC1//                     RX    TX
HardwareSerial Serial1(PB7, PB6);// the setup function runs once when you press reset or power the board
void setup() {Serial1.begin(115200);// initialize digital pin LED_BUILTIN as an output.pinMode(led1, OUTPUT);pinMode(led2, OUTPUT);digitalWrite(led1, LOW);digitalWrite(led2, HIGH);pinMode(button1, INPUT_PULLUP);pinMode(button2, INPUT_PULLUP);}// the loop function runs over and over again forever
void loop() {digitalToggleFast(PC_2);   // turn the LED on (HIGH is the voltage level)digitalToggle(led2);delay(1000);                       // wait for a secondSerial1.println("Perseverance51");digitalWriteFast(PC_2, !digitalReadFast(PC_2)) ;   // turn the LED off by making the voltage LOWdigitalWrite(led2, !digitalRead(led2)) ;delay(1000);                       // wait for a secondSerial1.println("Arduino STM32G070RBT6");
}

🛠除了上面定义方式外还有另一种指定串口的方法

void setRx(uint32_t rx)
void setTx(uint32_t tx)
void setRx(PinName rx)
void setTx(PinName tx)

🚩注意点：重载函数名相同，形参注意区分。

• 🌿variant_generic.h头文件声明了数字引脚

/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------*        STM32 pins number*----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#define PA0                     PIN_A0
#define PA1                     PIN_A1
#define PA2                     PIN_A2
#define PA3                     PIN_A3
#define PA4                     PIN_A4
#define PA5                     PIN_A5
#define PA6                     PIN_A6
#define PA7                     PIN_A7
#define PA8                     8
#define PA9                     9
#define PA10                    10
#define PA11                    11
#define PA12                    12
#define PA13                    13
#define PA14                    14
#define PA15                    15
#define PB0                     PIN_A8
#define PB1                     PIN_A9
#define PB2                     PIN_A10
#define PB3                     19
#define PB4                     20
#define PB5                     21
#define PB6                     22
#define PB7                     23
#define PB8                     24
#define PB9                     25
#define PB10                    PIN_A11
#define PB11                    PIN_A12
#define PB12                    PIN_A13
#define PB13                    29
#define PB14                    30
#define PB15                    31
#define PC0                     32
#define PC1                     33
#define PC2                     34
#define PC3                     35
#define PC4                     PIN_A14
#define PC5                     PIN_A15
#define PC6                     38
#define PC7                     39
#define PC8                     40
#define PC9                     41
#define PC10                    42
#define PC11                    43
#define PC12                    44
#define PC13                    45
#define PC14                    46
#define PC15                    47
#define PD0                     48
#define PD1                     49
#define PD2                     50
#define PD3                     51
#define PD4                     52
#define PD5                     53
#define PD6                     54
#define PD8                     55
#define PD9                     56
#define PF0                     57
#define PF1                     58
#define PA9_R                   59
#define PA10_R                  60// Alternate pins number
#define PA6_ALT1                (PA6  | ALT1)
#define PA7_ALT1                (PA7  | ALT1)
#define PA7_ALT2                (PA7  | ALT2)
#define PA7_ALT3                (PA7  | ALT3)
#define PA15_ALT1               (PA15 | ALT1)
#define PB0_ALT1                (PB0  | ALT1)
#define PB1_ALT1                (PB1  | ALT1)
#define PB1_ALT2                (PB1  | ALT2)
#define PB6_ALT1                (PB6  | ALT1)
#define PB13_ALT1               (PB13 | ALT1)
#define PB14_ALT1               (PB14 | ALT1)
#define PB15_ALT1               (PB15 | ALT1)
#define PB15_ALT2               (PB15 | ALT2)
#define PC4_ALT1                (PC4  | ALT1)
#define PC5_ALT1                (PC5  | ALT1)
#define PC8_ALT1                (PC8  | ALT1)
#define PC9_ALT1                (PC9  | ALT1)
#define PC10_ALT1               (PC10 | ALT1)
#define PC11_ALT1               (PC11 | ALT1)#define NUM_DIGITAL_PINS        61
#define NUM_REMAP_PINS          2

• ⚡PinNames.h头文件定义了形参PinName枚举类型

typedef enum {// Not connectedNC = 0xFFFFFFFF,// Pin name definitionPA_0  = (PortA << 4) + 0x00,PA_1  = (PortA << 4) + 0x01,PA_2  = (PortA << 4) + 0x02,PA_3  = (PortA << 4) + 0x03,PA_4  = (PortA << 4) + 0x04,PA_5  = (PortA << 4) + 0x05,PA_6  = (PortA << 4) + 0x06,PA_7  = (PortA << 4) + 0x07,PA_8  = (PortA << 4) + 0x08,PA_9  = (PortA << 4) + 0x09,PA_10 = (PortA << 4) + 0x0A,PA_11 = (PortA << 4) + 0x0B,PA_12 = (PortA << 4) + 0x0C,PA_13 = (PortA << 4) + 0x0D,PA_14 = (PortA << 4) + 0x0E,PA_15 = (PortA << 4) + 0x0F,PB_0  = (PortB << 4) + 0x00,PB_1  = (PortB << 4) + 0x01,PB_2  = (PortB << 4) + 0x02,PB_3  = (PortB << 4) + 0x03,PB_4  = (PortB << 4) + 0x04,PB_5  = (PortB << 4) + 0x05,PB_6  = (PortB << 4) + 0x06,PB_7  = (PortB << 4) + 0x07,PB_8  = (PortB << 4) + 0x08,PB_9  = (PortB << 4) + 0x09,PB_10 = (PortB << 4) + 0x0A,PB_11 = (PortB << 4) + 0x0B,PB_12 = (PortB << 4) + 0x0C,PB_13 = (PortB << 4) + 0x0D,PB_14 = (PortB << 4) + 0x0E,PB_15 = (PortB << 4) + 0x0F,
#if defined GPIOC_BASEPC_0  = (PortC << 4) + 0x00,PC_1  = (PortC << 4) + 0x01,PC_2  = (PortC << 4) + 0x02,PC_3  = (PortC << 4) + 0x03,PC_4  = (PortC << 4) + 0x04,PC_5  = (PortC << 4) + 0x05,PC_6  = (PortC << 4) + 0x06,PC_7  = (PortC << 4) + 0x07,PC_8  = (PortC << 4) + 0x08,PC_9  = (PortC << 4) + 0x09,PC_10 = (PortC << 4) + 0x0A,PC_11 = (PortC << 4) + 0x0B,PC_12 = (PortC << 4) + 0x0C,PC_13 = (PortC << 4) + 0x0D,PC_14 = (PortC << 4) + 0x0E,PC_15 = (PortC << 4) + 0x0F,
#endif
#if defined GPIOD_BASEPD_0  = (PortD << 4) + 0x00,PD_1  = (PortD << 4) + 0x01,PD_2  = (PortD << 4) + 0x02,PD_3  = (PortD << 4) + 0x03,PD_4  = (PortD << 4) + 0x04,PD_5  = (PortD << 4) + 0x05,PD_6  = (PortD << 4) + 0x06,PD_7  = (PortD << 4) + 0x07,PD_8  = (PortD << 4) + 0x08,PD_9  = (PortD << 4) + 0x09,PD_10 = (PortD << 4) + 0x0A,PD_11 = (PortD << 4) + 0x0B,PD_12 = (PortD << 4) + 0x0C,PD_13 = (PortD << 4) + 0x0D,PD_14 = (PortD << 4) + 0x0E,PD_15 = (PortD << 4) + 0x0F,
#endif
#if defined GPIOE_BASEPE_0  = (PortE << 4) + 0x00,PE_1  = (PortE << 4) + 0x01,PE_2  = (PortE << 4) + 0x02,PE_3  = (PortE << 4) + 0x03,PE_4  = (PortE << 4) + 0x04,PE_5  = (PortE << 4) + 0x05,PE_6  = (PortE << 4) + 0x06,PE_7  = (PortE << 4) + 0x07,PE_8  = (PortE << 4) + 0x08,PE_9  = (PortE << 4) + 0x09,PE_10 = (PortE << 4) + 0x0A,PE_11 = (PortE << 4) + 0x0B,PE_12 = (PortE << 4) + 0x0C,PE_13 = (PortE << 4) + 0x0D,PE_14 = (PortE << 4) + 0x0E,PE_15 = (PortE << 4) + 0x0F,
#endif
#if defined GPIOF_BASEPF_0  = (PortF << 4) + 0x00,PF_1  = (PortF << 4) + 0x01,PF_2  = (PortF << 4) + 0x02,PF_3  = (PortF << 4) + 0x03,PF_4  = (PortF << 4) + 0x04,PF_5  = (PortF << 4) + 0x05,PF_6  = (PortF << 4) + 0x06,PF_7  = (PortF << 4) + 0x07,PF_8  = (PortF << 4) + 0x08,PF_9  = (PortF << 4) + 0x09,PF_10 = (PortF << 4) + 0x0A,PF_11 = (PortF << 4) + 0x0B,PF_12 = (PortF << 4) + 0x0C,PF_13 = (PortF << 4) + 0x0D,PF_14 = (PortF << 4) + 0x0E,PF_15 = (PortF << 4) + 0x0F,
#endif
#if defined GPIOG_BASEPG_0  = (PortG << 4) + 0x00,PG_1  = (PortG << 4) + 0x01,PG_2  = (PortG << 4) + 0x02,PG_3  = (PortG << 4) + 0x03,PG_4  = (PortG << 4) + 0x04,PG_5  = (PortG << 4) + 0x05,PG_6  = (PortG << 4) + 0x06,PG_7  = (PortG << 4) + 0x07,PG_8  = (PortG << 4) + 0x08,PG_9  = (PortG << 4) + 0x09,PG_10 = (PortG << 4) + 0x0A,PG_11 = (PortG << 4) + 0x0B,PG_12 = (PortG << 4) + 0x0C,PG_13 = (PortG << 4) + 0x0D,PG_14 = (PortG << 4) + 0x0E,PG_15 = (PortG << 4) + 0x0F,
#endif
#if defined GPIOH_BASEPH_0  = (PortH << 4) + 0x00,PH_1  = (PortH << 4) + 0x01,PH_2  = (PortH << 4) + 0x02,PH_3  = (PortH << 4) + 0x03,PH_4  = (PortH << 4) + 0x04,PH_5  = (PortH << 4) + 0x05,PH_6  = (PortH << 4) + 0x06,PH_7  = (PortH << 4) + 0x07,PH_8  = (PortH << 4) + 0x08,PH_9  = (PortH << 4) + 0x09,PH_10 = (PortH << 4) + 0x0A,PH_11 = (PortH << 4) + 0x0B,PH_12 = (PortH << 4) + 0x0C,PH_13 = (PortH << 4) + 0x0D,PH_14 = (PortH << 4) + 0x0E,PH_15 = (PortH << 4) + 0x0F,
#endif
#if defined GPIOI_BASEPI_0  = (PortI << 4) + 0x00,PI_1  = (PortI << 4) + 0x01,PI_2  = (PortI << 4) + 0x02,PI_3  = (PortI << 4) + 0x03,PI_4  = (PortI << 4) + 0x04,PI_5  = (PortI << 4) + 0x05,PI_6  = (PortI << 4) + 0x06,PI_7  = (PortI << 4) + 0x07,PI_8  = (PortI << 4) + 0x08,PI_9  = (PortI << 4) + 0x09,PI_10 = (PortI << 4) + 0x0A,PI_11 = (PortI << 4) + 0x0B,PI_12 = (PortI << 4) + 0x0C,PI_13 = (PortI << 4) + 0x0D,PI_14 = (PortI << 4) + 0x0E,PI_15 = (PortI << 4) + 0x0F,
#endif
#if defined GPIOJ_BASEPJ_0  = (PortJ << 4) + 0x00,PJ_1  = (PortJ << 4) + 0x01,PJ_2  = (PortJ << 4) + 0x02,PJ_3  = (PortJ << 4) + 0x03,PJ_4  = (PortJ << 4) + 0x04,PJ_5  = (PortJ << 4) + 0x05,PJ_6  = (PortJ << 4) + 0x06,PJ_7  = (PortJ << 4) + 0x07,PJ_8  = (PortJ << 4) + 0x08,PJ_9  = (PortJ << 4) + 0x09,PJ_10 = (PortJ << 4) + 0x0A,PJ_11 = (PortJ << 4) + 0x0B,PJ_12 = (PortJ << 4) + 0x0C,PJ_13 = (PortJ << 4) + 0x0D,PJ_14 = (PortJ << 4) + 0x0E,PJ_15 = (PortJ << 4) + 0x0F,
#endif
#if defined GPIOK_BASEPK_0  = (PortK << 4) + 0x00,PK_1  = (PortK << 4) + 0x01,PK_2  = (PortK << 4) + 0x02,PK_3  = (PortK << 4) + 0x03,PK_4  = (PortK << 4) + 0x04,PK_5  = (PortK << 4) + 0x05,PK_6  = (PortK << 4) + 0x06,PK_7  = (PortK << 4) + 0x07,PK_8  = (PortK << 4) + 0x08,PK_9  = (PortK << 4) + 0x09,PK_10 = (PortK << 4) + 0x0A,PK_11 = (PortK << 4) + 0x0B,PK_12 = (PortK << 4) + 0x0C,PK_13 = (PortK << 4) + 0x0D,PK_14 = (PortK << 4) + 0x0E,PK_15 = (PortK << 4) + 0x0F,
#endif
#if defined GPIOZ_BASEPZ_0  = (PortZ << 4) + 0x00,PZ_1  = (PortZ << 4) + 0x01,PZ_2  = (PortZ << 4) + 0x02,PZ_3  = (PortZ << 4) + 0x03,PZ_4  = (PortZ << 4) + 0x04,PZ_5  = (PortZ << 4) + 0x05,PZ_6  = (PortZ << 4) + 0x06,PZ_7  = (PortZ << 4) + 0x07,PZ_8  = (PortZ << 4) + 0x08,PZ_9  = (PortZ << 4) + 0x09,PZ_10 = (PortZ << 4) + 0x0A,PZ_11 = (PortZ << 4) + 0x0B,PZ_12 = (PortZ << 4) + 0x0C,PZ_13 = (PortZ << 4) + 0x0D,PZ_14 = (PortZ << 4) + 0x0E,PZ_15 = (PortZ << 4) + 0x0F,
#endif

✅示例6

#define led1  PC2
#define led2  PC3#define button1  PC0
#define button2  PC1// the setup function runs once when you press reset or power the board
void setup() {Serial.setRx(PA10); // using pin name PY_nSerial.setTx(PA9); // using pin number PYnSerial.begin(115200);// initialize digital pin LED_BUILTIN as an output.pinMode(led1, OUTPUT);pinMode(led2, OUTPUT);digitalWrite(led1, LOW);digitalWrite(led2, HIGH);pinMode(button1, INPUT_PULLUP);pinMode(button2, INPUT_PULLUP);}// the loop function runs over and over again forever
void loop() {digitalToggleFast(PC_2);   // turn the LED on (HIGH is the voltage level)digitalToggle(led2);delay(1000);                       // wait for a secondSerial.println("Perseverance51");digitalWriteFast(PC_2, !digitalReadFast(PC_2)) ;   // turn the LED off by making the voltage LOWdigitalWrite(led2, !digitalRead(led2)) ;delay(1000);                       // wait for a secondSerial.println("Arduino STM32G070RBT6");
}

📚半双工模式

• HardwareSerial(uint32_t _rxtx)：U(S)ART用于半双工的Tx引脚编号(PYn)
• HardwareSerial(PinName _rxtx)：U(S)ART用于半双工的Tx引脚编号(PYn)
• 如果Rx == Tx则采用半双工模式:：

HardwareSerial(uint32_t _rx, uint32_t _tx): U(S)ART用于半双工的Tx引脚编号(PYn)
HardwareSerial(PinName _rx, PinName tx): U(S)ART用于半双工的tx引脚名称(PY_n)

HardwareSerial(void *peripheral, HalfDuplexMode_t halfDuplex = HALF_DUPLEX_DISABLED):如果HALF_DUPLEX_ENABLED，在用于半双工的PeripheralPins.c中获取所请求外设的第一个Tx引脚.

• 添加enableHalfDuplexRx()使能Rx模式下的Serial。可以使用read()操作，但将避免执行读操作。在使用available()之前使用.
• void setHalfDuplex():当实例未以半双工模式实例化时，启用实例的半双工模式。在这种情况下，必须在begin()之前调用。

📗示例7

Serial4发送字节给Serial3，比较值，然后Serial3重新发送给Serial4并比较。需要连接PA0和PB10。

HardwareSerial Serial3(PA0);
HardwareSerial Serial4(PB10);//HardwareSerial Serial3(PA_0);
//HardwareSerial Serial4(PB_10);//HardwareSerial Serial3(UART4, HALF_DUPLEX_ENABLED);
//HardwareSerial Serial4(USART3, HALF_DUPLEX_ENABLED);//HardwareSerial Serial3(PA0, PA0);
//HardwareSerial Serial4(PB10, PB10);//HardwareSerial Serial3(PA_0, PA_0);
//HardwareSerial Serial4(PB_10, PB_10);//HardwareSerial Serial3(NC, PA_0);
//HardwareSerial Serial4(NC, PB_10);//HardwareSerial Serial3(NUM_DIGITAL_PINS, PA0);
//HardwareSerial Serial4(NUM_DIGITAL_PINS, PB10);static uint32_t nbTestOK = 0;
static uint32_t nbTestKO = 0;
void test_uart(int val)
{int recval = -1;uint32_t error = 0;Serial4.write(val);delay(10);while (Serial3.available()) {recval = Serial3.read();}/* Enable Serial4 to RX*/Serial4.enableHalfDuplexRx();if (val == recval) {Serial3.write(val);delay(10);while (Serial4.available()) {recval = Serial4.read();}/* Enable Serial3 to RX*/Serial3.enableHalfDuplexRx();if (val == recval) {nbTestOK++;Serial.print("Exchange: 0x");Serial.println(recval, HEX);} else {error = 2;}}else {error = 1;}if (error) {Serial.print("Send: 0x");Serial.print(val, HEX);Serial.print("\tReceived: 0x");Serial.print(recval, HEX);Serial.print(" --> KO <--");Serial.println(error);nbTestKO++;}
}void setup() {Serial.begin(115200);Serial4.begin(9600);Serial3.begin(9600);
}void loop() {for (uint32_t i = 0; i <= (0xFF); i++) {test_uart(i);}Serial.println("Serial Half-Duplex test done.\nResults:");Serial.print("OK: ");Serial.println(nbTestOK);Serial.print("KO: ");Serial.println(nbTestKO);while (1);
}

• 相关内容参考：https://github.com/stm32duino/wiki/wiki/API