程序示例精选

C语言学生成绩管理系统

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前言

这篇博客针对<>编写代码，代码整洁，规则，易读。 学习与应用推荐首选。

文章目录

        一、所需工具软件

        二、使用步骤

                1. 引入库

                2. 创建结构体

                3. 创建元素操作函数

                4. 运行结果

         三、在线协助

一、所需工具软件

          1. Visual Studio

          2. C/C++

二、使用步骤

1.引入库

代码如下（示例）：

#include
#include
#include
#include

2.创建结构体

代码如下（示例）：

struct Student {   //每个学生对应一个结构体 char ID[20];//学号 char Name[10];//姓名 float Mark1;//语文成绩 float Mark2;//数学成绩 float Mark3;//英语成绩 float Mark4;//计算机成绩 float All; //总分 float Average;//平均成绩 
}students[1000];

该处使用的url网络请求的数据。

3.创建元素操作函数：

代码如下（示例）：

int num = 0; //计数器
void Copy(struct Student* arr, int i, int j)
{strcpy(arr[i].ID, arr[j].ID);strcpy(arr[i].Name, arr[j].Name);arr[i].Mark1 = arr[j].Mark1;arr[i].Mark2 = arr[j].Mark2;arr[i].Mark3 = arr[j].Mark3;arr[i].Mark4 = arr[j].Mark4;arr[i].All = arr[j].All;arr[i].Average = arr[j].Average;
}
int Student_SearchByName(char name[])//通过姓名来检索学生
{int i;for (i = 0; i < num; i++){if (strcmp(students[i].Name, name) == 0)  //通过strcmp函数来对比学生姓名，找到返回在数组的位置 {return i;}}return -1;    //未找到返回 -1 
}
int Student_SearchByIndex(char id[])//通过学号来检索学生信息
{int i;for (i = 0; i < num; i++){if (strcmp(students[i].ID, id) == 0)  //通过strcmp函数来对比学生id，找到返回位置 {return i;}}return -1;   //未找到返回 -1 
}
void Student_DisplaySingle(int index)//输出表头
{printf("%10s%10s%8s%8s%8s%10s\n", "学号", "姓名", "语文", "数学", "英语", "计算机", "总成绩", "平均成绩");printf("-------------------------------------------------------------\n");printf("%10s%10s%8.2f%8.2f%8.2f%8.2f%10.2f%10.2f\n", students[index].ID, students[index].Name,students[index].Mark1, students[index].Mark2, students[index].Mark3, students[index].Mark4, students[index].All, students[index].Average);
}
void inputt()//利用循环录入学生信息
{while (1){printf("请输入学号:");scanf("%s", &students[num].ID);getchar();printf("请输入姓名:");scanf("%s", &students[num].Name);getchar();printf("请输入成绩:");scanf("%f", &students[num].Mark1);getchar();printf("请输入成绩:");scanf("%f", &students[num].Mark2);getchar();printf("请输入成绩:");scanf("%f", &students[num].Mark3);getchar();printf("请输入成绩:");scanf("%f", &students[num].Mark4);   //依次输入各项数据 getchar();students[num].All = students[num].Mark1 + students[num].Mark2 + students[num].Mark3 + students[num].Mark4;    //输完数据后自动计算总成绩与平均成绩 students[num].Average = (students[num].Mark1 + students[num].Mark2 + students[num].Mark3 + students[num].Mark4) / 4;if (Student_SearchByIndex(students[num].ID) == -1){num++;  //移向下一个位置 }else{printf("学号重复，输入数据无效 !!!\n");}printf("是否继续?(y/n)");if (getchar() == 'n'){break;}}
}
void modify()//修改成绩
{while (1){char id[20];int index;printf("请输入要修改的学生的学号:");scanf("%s", &id);getchar();index = Student_SearchByIndex(id);  //调用搜查id函数，根据其返回值确定位置 if (index == -1){printf("学生不存在!\n");}else{printf("你要修改的学生信息为:\n");Student_DisplaySingle(index);printf("-- 请输入新值--\n");printf("请输入学号:");scanf("%s", &students[index].ID);getchar();printf("请输入姓名:");scanf("%s", &students[index].Name);getchar();printf("请输入语文成绩:");scanf("%f", &students[index].Mark1);getchar();printf("请输入数学成绩:");scanf("%f", &students[index].Mark2);getchar();printf("请输入英语成绩:");scanf("%f", &students[index].Mark3);getchar();printf("请输入计算机成绩:");scanf("%f", &students[index].Mark4);  //重新录入一套新的数据替代 getchar();students[index].All = students[index].Mark1 + students[index].Mark2 + students[index].Mark3 + students[index].Mark4;students[index].Average = (students[index].Mark1 + students[index].Mark2 + students[index].Mark3 + students[index].Mark4) / 4;}printf("是否继续?(y/n)");if (getchar() == 'n'){break;}}
}
void deletee()//删除学生信息
{int i;while (1){char id[20];int index;printf("请输入要删除的学生的学号:");scanf("%s", &id);getchar();index = Student_SearchByIndex(id);   //调用搜查id函数，根据其返回值确定位置 if (index == -1){printf("学生不存在!\n");}else{printf("你要删除的学生信息为:\n");Student_DisplaySingle(index);printf("是否真的要删除?(y/n)");if (getchar() == 'y'){for (i = index; i < num - 1; i++){Copy(students, i, i + 1);//students[i]=students[i+1];    //把后边的对象都向前移动}num--;}getchar();}printf("是否继续?(y/n)");if (getchar() == 'n'){break;}}
}
void display()//打印已录入的学生信息
{int a;printf("%10s%10s%8s%8s%8s%8s%10s%10s\n", "学号", "姓名", "语文", "数学", "英语", "计算机", "总成绩", "平均成绩");printf("-------------------------------------------------------------\n");for (a = 0; a < num; a++){printf("%10s%10s%8.2f%8.2f%8.2f%8.2f%10.2f%10.2f\n", students[a].ID, students[a].Name,students[a].Mark1, students[a].Mark2, students[a].Mark3, students[a].Mark4, students[a].All, students[a].Average);}
}
void insert()//指定位置插入学生信息
{int a, b, c;printf("请输入你要插入的位置");scanf("%d", &a);if (a > num) {printf("输入的位置有误，请重新输入,当前共%d条数据\n", num);scanf("%d", &a);}b = num - 1;for (; b >= a - 1; b--){//strcpy(students[b+1].ID,students[b].ID);//strcpy(students[b+1].Name,students[b].Name);//students[b+1].Mark1=students[b].Mark1;//students[b+1].Mark2=students[b].Mark2;//students[b+1].Mark3=students[b].Mark3;//students[b+1].Mark4=students[b].Mark4;//students[b+1].All=students[b].All;//students[b+1].Average=students[b].Average;  Copy(students, b + 1, b); //根据其输入的位置，将其及以后的数据向后移动一个位置 }num++;printf("请输入学号:");scanf("%s", &students[a - 1].ID);getchar();printf("请输入姓名:");scanf("%s", &students[a - 1].Name);getchar();printf("请输入语文成绩:");scanf("%f", &students[a - 1].Mark1);getchar();printf("请输入数学成绩:");scanf("%f", &students[a - 1].Mark2);getchar();printf("请输入英语成绩:");scanf("%f", &students[a - 1].Mark3);getchar();printf("请输入计算机成绩:");scanf("%f", &students[a - 1].Mark4);  //输入新数据 getchar();students[a - 1].All = students[a - 1].Mark1 + students[a - 1].Mark2 + students[a - 1].Mark3 + students[a - 1].Mark4;students[a - 1].Average = (students[a - 1].Mark1 + students[a - 1].Mark2 + students[a - 1].Mark3 + students[a - 1].Mark4) / 4;}
void search()//查询学生信息
{while (1){char name[20];int index;printf("请输入要查询的学生的姓名:");scanf("%s", &name);getchar();index = Student_SearchByName(name);   //调用搜查name函数，根据其返回值确定位置 if (index == -1){printf("学生不存在!\n");}else{printf("你要查询的学生信息为:\n");Student_DisplaySingle(index);}printf("是否继续?(y/n)");if (getchar() == 'n'){break;}}
}
void sort()//根据平均分排序
{int i, j;//struct students tmp;for (i = 0; i < num; i++){students[i].Average = (students[i].Mark1 + students[i].Mark2 + students[i].Mark3 + students[i].Mark4) / 4;}for (i = 0; i < num; i++){for (j = 1; j < num - i; j++){if (students[j - 1].Average < students[j].Average){Copy(students, num, j - 1);Copy(students, j - 1, j);Copy(students, j, num);//tmp=students[j-1];//students[j-1]=students[j];//students[j]=tmp;      //冒泡排序 }}}int a;printf("%10s%10s%8s%8s%8s%10s\n", "学号", "姓名", "语文", "数学", "英语", "计算机", "总成绩", "平均成绩");printf("-------------------------------------------------------------\n");for (a = 0; a < num; a++){printf("%10s%10s%8.2f%8.2f%8.2f%8.2f%10.2f%10.2f\n", students[a].ID, students[a].Name,students[a].Mark1, students[a].Mark2, students[a].Mark3, students[a].Mark4, students[a].All, students[a].Average);}
}void SearchLow()//搜索不及格的并输出 
{int a;printf("           语文不及格的有%10s%10s%8s\n", "学号", "姓名", "语文");for (a = 0; a < num; a++){if (students[a].Mark1 < 60)printf("%10s%10s%8.2f\n", students[a].Name, students[a].ID, students[a].Mark1);    //从头搜索到尾，若小于60就输出 }printf("           数学不及格的有%10s%10s%8s\n", "学号", "姓名", "数学");for (a = 0; a < num; a++){if (students[a].Mark2 < 60)printf("%10s%10s%8.2f\n", students[a].Name, students[a].ID, students[a].Mark2);}printf("           英语不及格的有%10s%10s%8s\n", "学号", "姓名", "英语");for (a = 0; a < num; a++){if (students[a].Mark3 < 60)printf("%10s%10s%8.2f\n", students[a].Name, students[a].ID, students[a].Mark3);}printf("           计算机不及格的有%10s%10s%8s\n", "学号", "姓名", "计算机");for (a = 0; a < num; a++){if (students[a].Mark4 < 60)printf("%10s%10s%8.2f\n", students[a].Name, students[a].ID, students[a].Mark4);}system("pause");
}void SearchHigh()//搜索成绩最高者输出 
{int a;int max;printf("           语文最高分为%10s%10s%8s\n", "学号", "姓名", "语文");max = students[0].Mark1;for (a = 1; a < num; a++){if (students[a].Mark1 > max)max = students[a].Mark1;}for (a = 0; a < num; a++){if (max == students[a].Mark1)printf("%10s%10s%8.2f\n", students[a].Name, students[a].ID, students[a].Mark1);}printf("           数学最高分为%10s%10s%8s\n", "学号", "姓名", "数学");max = students[0].Mark2;for (a = 1; a < num; a++){if (students[a].Mark2 > max)max = students[a].Mark2;}for (a = 0; a < num; a++){if (max == students[a].Mark2)printf("%10s%10s%8.2f\n", students[a].Name, students[a].ID, students[a].Mark2);}printf("           英语最高分为%10s%10s%8s\n", "学号", "姓名", "英语");max = students[0].Mark3;for (a = 1; a < num; a++){if (students[a].Mark3 > max)max = students[a].Mark3;}for (a = 0; a < num; a++){if (max == students[a].Mark3)printf("           %10s%10s%8.2f\n", students[a].Name, students[a].ID, students[a].Mark3);}printf("           计算机最高分为%10s%10s%8s\n", "学号", "姓名", "计算机");max = students[0].Mark4;for (a = 1; a < num; a++){if (students[a].Mark4 > max)max = students[a].Mark4;}for (a = 0; a < num; a++){if (max == students[a].Mark4)printf("           %10s%10s%8.2f\n", students[a].Name, students[a].ID, students[a].Mark4);}system("pause");
}
void Save()
{FILE* fp = fopen("temp.txt", "w+");fprintf(fp, "%d\n", num);for (int i = 0; i < num; i++){fprintf(fp, "%s %s %f %f %f %f %f %f\n", students[i].ID, students[i].Name, students[i].Mark1, students[i].Mark2, students[i].Mark3, students[i].Mark4, students[i].All, students[i].Average);}fclose(fp);
}
void Load()
{FILE* fp = fopen("temp.txt", "r");fscanf(fp, "%d", &num);for (int i = 0; i < num; i++){fscanf(fp, "%s %s %f %f %f %f %f %f\n", students[i].ID, students[i].Name, &students[i].Mark1, &students[i].Mark2, &students[i].Mark3, &students[i].Mark4, &students[i].All, &students[i].Average);}fclose(fp);
}int main() {int i;while (1) {Load();printf("\t\t\t\t\t-------- 学生成绩管理系统-------\n\n\n\n");     //菜单 printf("\t\t\t\t\t1. 增加学生记录\n\n");printf("\t\t\t\t\t2. 修改学生记录\n\n");printf("\t\t\t\t\t3. 删除学生记录\n\n");printf("\t\t\t\t\t4. 插入学生记录\n\n");printf("\t\t\t\t\t5. 显示所有记录\n\n");printf("\t\t\t\t\t6. 查询学生记录\n\n");printf("\t\t\t\t\t7. 按平均成绩排序\n\n");printf("\t\t\t\t\t8. 输出各科目不及格学生\n\n");printf("\t\t\t\t\t9. 输出各科目最高分\n\n");printf("\t\t\t\t\t0. 退出\n\n\n");printf("请选择(0-9):");scanf("%d", &i);switch (i) {case 1:inputt(); break;case 2:modify(); break;case 3:deletee(); break;case 4:insert(); break;case 5:display(); break;case 6:search(); break;case 7:sort(); break;case 8:SearchLow(); break;case 9:SearchHigh(); break;case 0:exit(0);default:;}Save();}return 0;
}

4.运行结果如下： 

三、在线协助： 

如需安装运行环境或远程调试，见文章底部微信名片，由专业技术人员远程协助！